Two Different Layers of the Identity Stack
Identity Governance and Administration (IGA) is a workflow engine. It runs joiner-mover-leaver lifecycle automation, access requests, and certification campaigns — the operational scaffolding that manages the lifecycle of identities once they've been provisioned into it.
IGA's most common failure mode isn't the workflow engine — it's the data underneath it. Access certifications get rubber-stamped against stale data. Connectors break silently. Somewhere between 20 and 40 percent of enterprise identities — local accounts, legacy systems, service accounts, and now AI agents — never pass through IGA at all. Multi-year IGA deployments underdeliver for exactly this reason: Gartner's own framing for the IVIP category was that organizations with mature IGA, PAM, and AM programs still can't reach a single pane of glass at sustainable cost after years of investment.
An IVIP is the data layer IGA was always missing. It makes a certification campaign a review of reality instead of a review of whatever a connector last managed to sync.